Indo-European etymology : Query result

Proto-IE: *dhuga-t-er- (IndoIr. -gh-)

Meaning: daughter

Hittite: Lyk. kbatra- 'daughter' (Melchert)

Tokharian: A ckācar, B tkacer Tochter (Adams 312)

Old Indian: duhitár- f. `daughter'

Avestan: dugǝdar-, duɣdar- 'Tochter'

Other Iranian: NPers duxtar, duxt 'Tochter'

Armenian: dustr, gen. dster `Tochter'

Old Greek: thügátēr, -trós, acc. thügatéra f. `Tochter'

Slavic: *dъtjī, gen. *dъtjere; *pāstorъkā, -ɨ̄ 'Stieftochter'

Baltic: *duktē̃ (-er-) f.

Germanic: *doxtēr

Russ. meaning: дочь

References: WP I 868

Proto-IE: *dhur-

Meaning: harness

Hittite: turija- (I) 'anschirren, anspannen'

Old Indian: dhúr- f. 'yoke, burden, load; peg, pin', dhúrya- m. 'beast of burden', dhúra- m. `yoke, burden; peg of the axle'

Russ. meaning: упряжь

References: Friedrich 229.

Proto-IE: *dhū- (PIH *dhuH-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to blow, to storm

Hittite: tuhhai- (I) 'kreissen, Geburtswehen haben', tuhhima- c. 'Kreissen, Geburtswehen' (Friedrich 226)

Old Indian: dhūnóti, dhunoti, dhuvati, pf. dudhāva, pass. dhūyáte, ptc. dhūna-, dhūtá- `to shake, agitate'; dhūni- f. `shaking, agitation', dhavítra- n. `fan'

Other Iranian: NPers dūd `Rauch'

Armenian: dedevim `schwanke, schaukle'

Old Greek: thǖ́ō, ep. thǘi̯ō, ep. thǖ́nō, thǖnéō, aor. éthǖsa `einherstürmen, brausen, stürmen, toben'; thǖmó-s m. `Geist, Mut, Zorn, Sinn', thǖmái̯nō `zürnen'; thüáō `in Brust sein (von Schweinen)', thǘella f. `Sturmwind'; thǖ̂no-s = pólemos, hormḗ, drómos Hsch.

Slavic: *dū́tī, *dū́jǭ; *dū́dlo; *dū́nǭ

Germanic: *dū-ja- vb.

Celtic: *dūli- > MIr dūil `Wunsch, Begehr';

Russ. meaning: дуть, бушевать, шатать etc.

References: WP I 835 f

Comments: The same root is in *dhwes- #1934. The relationship with *dhū- (in *dhūmo-s 'smoke'), etc. is not obvious, see a comment there.

Proto-IE: *dhūn-

Meaning: coast, (dry) land

Baltic: *dūn-ia- c., *dū̃n-iā̃ f.

Germanic: *dūn-ō f.

Russ. meaning: берег, суша

References: Fraenkel

Proto-IE: *dhūp-

Meaning: to sink; hole

Slavic: *dūpā, *dūpljā, *dūplo, *dūpljь(jь)

Germanic: *dū[f]-a-/*diu[f]-a- vb., *dub-al-a- adj., *dū[f]-ōn- f., *dau[f]-ia- vb., *dū[f]-ia- vb., etc.

Russ. meaning: погружать etc.

References: WP I 847 f

Proto-IE: *dhūp-, *dhūbh-

Meaning: to smoke

Old Indian: dhūpa- m. `incense, perfume'

Old Greek: tǖ́phō, -omai̯, aor. thǖ̂psai̯, tüphē̂nai̯, pf. m.-p. téthümmai̯, téthüphthai̯ (~ -ǖ) med. `rauchen, quaklmen, glimmen', act. `Rauch machen., räuchern, sengen, langsam verbrennen'; tǖ̂pho-s m. `Art Fieber', tǖ̂phos n. `Rauch, Dampf, Qualm; Benebulung, Torheit, dummer Stolz', Tǖphṓs, gen. -ō̂/-ō̂nos a hundred-headed giant buried by Zeus; tǖphṓs, -ō̂ 'whirlwind, thyphoon'; tǖphedṓn, -ónos f. `Stumpfsinn', tü̆phló- `blind, dunkel, ohne Ausgang, verstopf'

Germanic: *daub-a- adj., *dub-ōn- f.; *duf-t-i- c.; *dub-a- adj.; *dub-n-ō- vb., *daub-n-ō- vb.

Celtic: *dubu- > OIrl dub `schwarz'; *deub= > OCymr, Cymr dub, OCorn duw, MCorn du, Bret dū 'schwarz'

Russ. meaning: дымить

References: WP I 835 f

Comments: Cf. #1927 *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)

Proto-IE: *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: to smoke, to raise dust

Hittite: tuhhuwai- (tuhhui-) c. 'Qualm?, Dunst?' (Friedrich 227);

Tokharian: A twe, B tweye 'dust, ashes' (PT *tweye) (Adams 323)

Old Indian: dhūli- f. `dust, powder', dhūlikā f. `fog, mist (L.)'; OInd dhūmá- m. `smoke, vapour, mist'; dhūmrá- `smoke-coloured, grey, dark-red', dhūmala- `smoke-coloured, purple'; dhūsara- `dust-coloured, grey'

Old Greek: thǘō, aor. thǖ̂sai̯, p. tüthē̂nai̯, pf. téthüka, m.-p. téthümai̯ `ein Rauch- od. Brandopfer darbringen, opfern im allg.'; ék-, pró-thüsi-s f.; thǘos n. `Raucherwerk', thü[ē]tǟ́ f. `id.', thǖ̂ma n. `Opfer', thǘtǟ-s `Opferer', dial. `Opferplatz', thüsíǟ f. `Opfer, Opferfest', thǘo-n `ein Baum, dessen Holz wegen seines Wohlgeruches verbrannt wurde', thümélǟ `Opferstätte, Alter', thümálōps, -ōpos m. etwa `Feuerbrand, glühende Kohle'; thümiáō `in Rauch aufgehen lassen, räuchern'

Slavic: *dɨ̄́tī, *dɨ̄jǭ (Sloven díti, díjem `wehen; duften'); *dɨ̄́mъ

Baltic: *dū̂-l-ia- (1) c., *dū̂-l-jā̂ (1) f., *dul̂- vb. inch.; *dwā̃-l-a- c., *dwel̂- vb. inch., *dū̂-m-a- (1) c., *dū̂-m-a- adj., *du-j-ā̂ f., *dū̂- vb. intr.

Germanic: *dau-m-a- m., *dau-m-ō- vb.; *dau-n-i- c., *dū-n-a- m.; *du-sk-a- adj.

Latin: fūlīgō, -inis f. `Russ'; fūmus, -ī m. `Rauch, Dampf, Qualm, Brodem'; suffiō, -īs, -īre `räuchern'; foetēre `übelriechen, stinken; verhasst sein'; ? fimus, -ī m., fimum n. `Mist, Kot, Dünger'; fuscus, -a `dunkelfärbig, schmutzigschwarz, dunkelbraun', furvus, -a `schwarz, finster'

Other Italic: Osk Mefit<eí> `Mefītī', Mefítaiiaís `*Mefītaeī ? > Lat mefītis, -is f. `schädliche Ausdünstung; Göttin der schädlichen Dünste'

Celtic: MIr dumacha `Nebel'; *dum= > Ir dumhach `nebelig, dunkel'

Russ. meaning: дымить, пылить

References: WP I 835 f, 843 f

Comments: May be the same as *dhū- 'blow, storm', but Greek semantical (2 verbs thǘō with rather different meaning) and Hittite phonetical difference (h <--> hhw) are concpicious.

Proto-IE: *dhwAnǝ-

Meaning: to smoke

Old Indian: ádhvanīt (aor.) `to become covered or extinguished (as anger)', caus. ádhvā̆naya `to envelop, wrap up, darken'; ptc. dhvāntá- `covered, veiled, dark'

Avestan: dvan- (mit Praeverb.) `fliegen'; dvąnman- n. `Wolke', aipi-dvąnara- `wolkig, nebelig', dunman- n. `Nebel, Wolke'

Baltic: *dwan-a- c, *dwan-ā̂ f.

Germanic: *dun-st-a- n.

Russ. meaning: дымить, дымиться

References: WP I 835 f

Comments: Cf. #1927 *dhūw- (PIH *dhuHw-)

Proto-IE: *dhwarǝ-, *dhraw(ǝ)-

Meaning: to deceive

Old Indian: dhvárati, dhū́rvati `to bend, hurt, injure', ptc. dhūrta-; -dhrut, -dhvr̥t, dhrúti- f. `misleading, seduction', dhvarás- f. `destructive, mischievous, n. of part. female demons'; dhūrtí- f. `injury, damage, harm'

Latin: fraus, -dis f. `Übervorteilung; Schaden, Nachteil', frausus sum Plaut.; adv. frūstra `irrtümlich, irrig, getäuscht', frūstrārī `täuschen, hintergehen, foppen'

Other Italic: Umbr frosetom est `fraudatum est'

Russ. meaning: обманывать

References: WP I 869 f

Proto-IE: *dhwek-

Meaning: to blow

Old Indian: dhukṣate (sam-) `to kindle; to live', dhūka- m. `wind (L.)'

Slavic: *dvoxā, *dvoxъ, *dvoxātī, *dvošītī

Baltic: *dwā̃k- (*dwak-ja-) vb., *dwā̃k-a- c., *dwā̃k-ā̂ f., -ia- c., *dwak-a- c., -ā̂ f., *dū̃k-a- c.

Russ. meaning: дуть

References: WP I 835 f

Proto-IE: *dhwen-

Meaning: to make noise, to thunder

Old Indian: dhvanati `to sound, roar, reverberate'; dhvaní- m. `sound, echo, voice', dhvanita- n. `sound, thunder', dhúni- `roaring, sounding', dhunayati `to roar, flow noisily'

Baltic: *dun-d-ē̂- vb., *dun̂-d-in̂- vb., *dūn-ā- vb., *dun-ē̂- vb., *dun-jā̂ f.

Germanic: *dun=, *dun-ja- m., *dun-ja- vb., *dun-ō- vb.

Russ. meaning: шуметь, греметь

References: WP I 869

Proto-IE: *dhwes-

Meaning: to blow, to breath; spirit, deity

Tokharian: B täṃts- 'scatter, disperse' (Adams 288-289)

Old Indian: dhvaṁsati `to fall to pieces or dust, decay, be ruined, perish', ptc. dhvasta-; dhvasmán- m. `polluting, darkening', dhvasirá- `sprinkled, spattered', dhvasrá- `decaying, falling off', dhvasti- f. `ceasing, destruction'

Avestan: dvąs- (mit Praeverb.) `fliegen'

Slavic: *dvoxātī, *dъxnǭtī, *dъxъ; *dūxъ, *dūšjā; *dɨ̄xātī, *dɨ̄šātī

Baltic: *dwē̃s- (*dwes-ja-) vb., *dwes-el-jā̂ f., *dwas-jā̂ f., *dwas-a- c., *dwas-n-ā̂ f., *daũs-ā̂ f., *dus-a- c., *dūs-ō̂- vb., *dus- vb. intr.

Germanic: *dwḗs=, *dwás=, *dū́s=, *dús=; *díus-a- n., *diuz-á- n., *dáus=, *dūs-ō- vb., *dus-ō- vb., *dus-ja- vb.; *dūz-á- m., *dūz-á- n., *dūz-ṓ- vb.

Latin: februum, -ī `Reinungsmittel', pl. `Reinigungsfest im Februar', februāre `pūrgere, lūstrāre', februārius `Reinungsmonat'; ? fērālis, -e `den Toten gehörig'; bēstia f. `Tier, bes. wildes Tier', bellua f. `Tier'

Celtic: Gaul dusios `daemon immundus, incubus'; OIr dāsacht `Wut', dāistir immum `ich werde rasend'

Russ. meaning: дуть, дышать; дух, божество

References: WP I 843 f

Comments: A derivation from *dhū- #1926.

Proto-IE: *dhwest-

Meaning: a k. of plant

Old Indian: dhattūra- m. (MInd. < *dhvastūra- ?) `white thorn-apple, Datura Alba', dhustūra- m. `thorn-apple'

Germanic: *dw[i]st-Vl=

Latin: festūca f. `Halm, Grashalm, wilder Hafer; Stäbchen des Praetors, womit der Sklave zum Zeichen der Freilassung geschlagen wurde; Schlägel, Ramme'

Celtic: Ir doss `Busch'

Russ. meaning: растение (травянистое или кустарник)

References: WH (differently in Pok.)

Proto-IE: *dhwor- (/*dwor-)

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: door, gate, court

Hittite: ? an-dur-za (adv.) 'darin' < *'indoors' (Tischler 37-38)

Tokharian: B twere 'door' (Adams 323)

Old Indian: dvār f., acc. duráḥ, dúraḥ, du. dvārā(u); dvā́ra- n. `door'

Avestan: acc. dvarǝm, loc. dvarǝ 'Tor; Hof'

Other Iranian: OPers duvarayā 'am Hofe ? am Tore ?'

Armenian: pl. durkh, acc. a-durs `Tür', i durs `hinaus, draussen'; durrn, gen. dran `Tür, Tor, Hof; drand `Türpfosten, Türschwelle'

Old Greek: thǘrǟ f. `Tür, Torflügel', pl. `Tür(e), Tor', thǘretron Türchen, pl. thǘretra `Türfutter, Tür', thürṓn, -ō̂nos m. `Vorhalle, Vorraum'

Slavic: *dvьrь, pl. *dvьrī

Baltic: *dwar-[a-]s m., *dur-i-s f., *dur̃-w-i- c.

Germanic: *dur-i- f., *dur-u- c., *dur-a- n.

Latin: foris, -is f., pl. forēs, -ium f. `Tür'; forās `hinaus', forīs `draussen, ausserhalb', forum, -ī n. `Vorhof des Grabes (umzäunter Grabbezirk); Marktplatz, Marktflecken, Gerichtstag'

Other Italic: Umbr. furo, furu `forum'

Celtic: Gaul doro `ostium', duros, duron m., n. `ostium'; OIr dorus n., in-dorus `vor Tür', dor m. `ostium'; Cymr dor f. `Tür', drws `Tür'

Albanian: derε f. Tür

Russ. meaning: дверь, ворота; двор

References: WP I 870 f, II 160

Proto-IE: *dhwor-, *dhour-

Meaning: to move quickly, to attack

Old Indian: dhorati `to run, trot, be quick or alert', (L.) dhoraṇa- n. `horse's trot', dhurā́ adv. `violently, hurtfully'

Avestan: dvaraiti `eilt, geht, macht sich auf'

Old Greek: thôu̯ro-, f. thóu̯ris, -idos `anstürmend, stürmisch, ungestüm'

Russ. meaning: быстро двигаться, нападать

References: WP I 835 f

Proto-IE: *dī-

Meaning: time

Armenian: ti, gen. tioy `Alter, Jahre, Tage, Zeit'

Germanic: *tī-d-i- c., *tī-d=, *tī-m-an- m.

Russ. meaning: время

References: WP I 763 f

Proto-IE: *dlongh-

Meaning: long

Other Iranian: MPers drang, NPers dirang 'lang'

Old Greek: ? lóŋkhǟ f. `Speer-, Lanzenspitze, Wurfspiess, Lanze'

Germanic: *lang-a-, *lang-i- adj.

Latin: longus, -a `lang; weit entfernt; langwierig'

Celtic: { OIr usw. long }

Albanian: gjátë 'long' (dial. gljátë)

Russ. meaning: длинный

References: WP I 813

Proto-IE: *dluk(')-, *dulk(')-

Nostratic etymology: Nostratic etymology

Meaning: sweet

Old Greek: glükǘ-, glükeró -`süss, angenehm', glêu̯kos n. `Most, süsser Wein'

Latin: dulcis, -e `Süss (im Geschmack); lieblich, angenehm'

Russ. meaning: сладкий

References: WH

Proto-IE: *dns-

Meaning: thick, dense

Hittite: dassu- 'stark, fest, schwer, wichtig' (Friedrich 218)

Old Greek: dasǘ- `dichtbewachsen, haarig. dichtbelaubt', dásos n. `Dickicht, Behaarung'

Latin: dēnsus, -a `dicht, dicht gedrängt, dicht aneinandergereiht'

Russ. meaning: густой

References: WP I 793 f

Proto-IE: *doikʷ-, -gʷ-

Meaning: toe

Germanic: *táixw-ō(n-)/*tai(g)wṓ(n-) f., *táixw-n-ō f.

Latin: digitus, -ī m. `Finger, Zehe; Zweige, Geäst', pl. n. digita `Zehe'

Russ. meaning: палец ноги

References: WP I 776

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